GK Questions and Answers Mahatma Gandhi: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Known by his common name, Mahatma Gandhi, he was the leading figure in Indian nationalism throughout the British colonial era. Gandhi led India to independence through nonviolent civil disobedience, and he also served as an inspiration for nonviolent, civil rights, and liberation movements around the globe.
Gandhi, the son of a high-ranking government official, received his legal education in London before being born and nurtured in the seaside Gujarati Hindu town of Bania. Gandhi rose to fame by utilizing newly devised nonviolent civil disobedience tactics to advocate for the civil rights of Muslim and Hindu Indians living in South Africa. After arriving back in India in 1915, he started coordinating peasants to voice their opposition to high land taxes.
When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa?
a) 1918
b) 1910
c) 1915
d) 1905
Ans: C
Explanation: Gandhi Ji returned to India in 1915 permanently and joined the Indian National Congress with Gopal Krishna Gokhale as his mentor.
2. What was the main objective of the non-cooperation movement started by Mahatma Gandhi?
a) Achieving complete independence from British rule
b) Demanding separate electorates for Hindus and Muslims
c) Promoting communal harmony
d) Seeking economic reforms only
Ans. a
Explanation: The non-cooperation movement aimed to challenge the colonial economic and power structure, and British authorities were forced to take notice of the demands of the independence movement.
3. What happened in 1930 as the beginning of Gandhi’s Civil Disobedience Movement?
a) Jallianwala Bagh massacre
b) Dandi March (Salt March)
c) Quit India Movement
d) Chauri Chaura incident
Ans. b
Explanation: On 12th March 1930, Gandhiji set out on a march from Dandi to Sabarmati Ashram. The Salt March marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
4. How did Gandhi participate in the Khilafat Movement?
a) He was a prominent leader of the movement
b) He was against the Khilafat Movement
c) He played a supportive role in the movement
d) He had no involvement in the Khilafat Movement
Ans. a
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi supported the movement as part of his opposition to the British Empire, and he also advocated for a wider non-cooperation movement at the same time.
5. Gandhi’s ideology of non-violence and civil disobedience was heavily influenced by the teachings of.
a) Karl Marx
b) Swami Vivekananda
c) Jawaharlal Nehru
d) Henry David Thoreau
Ans. d
Explanation: While in jail, Gandhi read the essay “Civil Disobedience” by Henry David Thoreau, a 19th-century American writer. Gandhi adopted the term “civil disobedience” to describe his strategy of non-violently refusing to cooperate with injustice, but he preferred the Sanskrit word satyagraha (devotion to truth).
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6. Which renowned resolution was adopted by the Indian National Congress under Gandhi’s leadership in 1929?
a) Lucknow Session Resolution
b) Quit India Resolution
c) Lahore Session Resolution
d) Non-Cooperation Resolution
Ans. c
Explanation: During the Lahore Session, the Congress met at Lahore under the Presidentship of Jawaharlal Nehru In 1929 and declared Purna Swaraj or Complete Independence for India.
7. Which of the following, according to Gandhiji, is an essential principle of Satyagraha?
a) Infinite capacity for suffering
b) Non-violence
c) Truth
d) All the three
Ans: D
Explanation: ‘Satyagraha’ is the most important weapon of Gandhi ji. It emerged as a weapon of conflict resolution. Gandhi Ji applied satyagraha in the non-violent struggle against exploitation, injustice and dictatorship.
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8. Which one of the following books is the work of Gandhiji?
a) Light of India
b) Hind Swaraj
c) My Experiments with Truth
d) Both B & C
Ans: D
Explanation: The Story of My Experiments with Truth is an autobiography of Gandhi Ji. This book covers the life of Gandhi Ji from early childhood through to 1921. It was published in his journal Navjivan from 1925 to 1929.
9. Which of the following was the second Satyagraha of Gandhi ji in India?
a) Kheda Satyagraha
b) Ahmedabad mill strike
c) Champaran Satyagraha
d) None of the above
Answer: b
Explanation: The Ahmedabad Mill Strike, 1918 was the second movement led by Gandhiji in India. The Mill Owners wanted to withdraw the bonus while the workers demanded a 50% wage hike against the 20% offered by the Mill Owners.
10. Who referred to Mahatma Gandhi as ‘Half-naked fakir’?
(a). Lord Mountbatten
(b). Clement Attlee
(c). Ramsay MacDonald
(d). Winston Churchill
Answer: d
Explanation: Winston Churchill referred to Mohandas Gandhi as the ‘half-naked fakir’ while Gandhi regarded the expression as a compliment.
Which movement was known for its emphasis on nonviolent civil disobedience?
a) Quit India Movement
b) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
c) Partition of Bengal
d) Sepoy Mutiny
Ans. a)
Explanation: The Quit India Movement, also known as the Bharat Chhodo Andolan, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 9 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British rule in India.
In which year did Mahatma Gandhi lead the famous Salt March?
a) 1919
b) 1930
c) 1942
d) 1947
Ans. b)
Explanation: Salt March, also called Dandi March or Salt Satyagraha, major nonviolent protest action in India led by Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi in March-April 1930.
Who was Mahatma Gandhi’s wife?
a) Indira Gandhi
b) Kasturba Gandhi
c) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
d) Sarojini Naidu
Ans. b
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi married his wife, Kasturba, when he was 13. She stayed in India while Gandhi went to London in 1888 to study law and to South Africa in 1893 to practice it.
How many children did Mahatma Gandhi have?
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) Five
Ans. c
Explanation: The Mahatma and Kasturba Gandhi had four children, all sons: Harilal, born in 1888; Manilal, born in 1892; Ramdas, born in 1897; and Devdas, born in 1900.
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